What is the main function of two-factor authentication (2FA)?

The main function of two-factor authentication (2FA) is to require two different forms of identification before granting access. This process adds an additional layer of security beyond just a username and password, ensuring that even if one credential is compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented unless the second factor is also provided. Typically, the first factor is something the user knows (like a password), and the second factor is something the user has (such as a smartphone app that generates a time-based code or a hardware token).

This dual requirement significantly enhances the overall security posture by reducing the risks associated with password theft or unauthorized access. By necessitating that users provide two types of verification, the likelihood of a security breach is greatly decreased, making it a crucial practice in protecting sensitive information.