What does "zero trust" refer to in security?

"Zero trust" is a security model that emphasizes the importance of strict identity verification for every user and device seeking access to resources within a network, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the network perimeter. The core principle behind zero trust is that no one should be trusted by default, even if they are within the organization's internal network. This approach helps to mitigate the risks of data breaches and advanced persistent threats, as it ensures that every access request is evaluated for legitimacy.

By implementing strict identification and authentication measures, organizations can reduce the chances of unauthorized access and potential security vulnerabilities. This model requires continuous monitoring and validation of every device and user, which contributes to creating a more secure environment by minimizing trust assumptions.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the core tenets of zero trust. For instance, trusting all internal network traffic undermines security by presuming that internal users always have the right level of access. A framework that is only applied once neglects the need for ongoing assessments and adjustments to security stances. Lastly, a passive approach to security goes against the proactive nature of the zero trust model, which demands active verification and response to potential threats.