In the context of access control, what is 'biometric identification'?

Biometric identification refers to a method of authentication that utilizes unique physical traits or behavioral characteristics of individuals for the purpose of verifying identity. This form of identification is based on the premise that each individual possesses distinct biological attributes—such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris patterns, or voice patterns—that can be captured and analyzed by biometric systems.

These biometric traits are difficult to replicate, making them a secure and reliable means of granting access to systems or physical spaces. The use of biometric identification in access control adds a significant layer of security, as it ties access privileges directly to the individual's unique physiological characteristics, thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

The other options do not accurately describe biometric identification. Software-based identification systems (like passwords or tokens) rely on knowledge or possession, which can be shared or stolen. Electronic keycards can provide access but are not based on an individual's unique biological traits. Similarly, administrative security measures encompass policies and procedures rather than the individual-based authentication that characterizes biometric identification.